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尊 發達公司副總
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來源:財經刊物
發佈於 2013-06-18 12:21
愛因斯坦語錄
本帖最後由 尊 於 14-01-18 21:00 編輯
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我如何學好英文
我真正認真學英文,是從國中開始,在所有的科目中,英文是我最強的科目。然而,這可是努力換來的,我記得當時,我用的英文參考書牌子是《最高水準》,它的厚度是學校英文課本的不知道幾倍。每一課的後面都有一堆的練習題,而國中三年,我是每一本全部做完!我想,透過了練習,可以讓一些文法關念深深植入我的腦海裡…
在高二上的時候,我已決定要出國留學,所以父親要我辦休學,在家認真自修英文一年再出國。我想,在家自修英文的那一年,是我英文進步很快的一個階段。這裡分享一下那時候我所做的事情。首先,先讀文法書 。我當時使用的文法書名是《英文法問&答》,只是一般書的大小,不會像市面上一些很厚的文法書,但是內容卻是含蓋所有英文法的概念。我大約花了一個月左右,就把整本書看完。再來,文法書看完之後,就開始廣泛的閱讀,我當時訂閱《英文中國郵報》The China Post,每天閱讀,若遇到不懂的單字,就查字典,然後再寫進我的單字本裡。每天寫大約 30 個字左右,晚上背完了才可以睡覺,就這樣做,持續了一年。所以在那一年年底時,我背的單字量已經將近 1 萬了。我出國前考了一次托福,筆試的成績是 570 分 (電腦 230 分)。
我高中是先去加拿大唸,雖然剛到,外國人講話都很快,聽不大懂,自己講的也只是還可以,但畢竟我的英文是有文法及單字的基礎。在高三還沒畢業時,我在加拿大又考了一次托福,當時已換成電腦考試,我得到的分數是 253 分 (筆試分數 610 分)。當時,我是有點訝異,也有點高興能考到這種分數。然而,我也知道我的英文程度和加拿大的高中生還有一段差距,因此,我知道我的英文還需要一些努力。
我大學已轉往美國的印第安那大學,但我學英文的過程卻還沒有結束。只要是學校老師所吩咐的閱讀作業,我一定盡力唸完,我當時的想法是:即便我什麼都沒有得到,至少我有學到英文。 我是以這樣的心態來閱讀老師所吩咐的閱讀作業,因為我知道,閱讀一定能夠提升我的英文程度。我不敢說我的校內成績很好,但我肯定我做了很多英文閱讀,也因 此提升了我的英文能力。大學如此,研究所亦是如此。另外值得一提的是,我大學畢業後有一段時間曾在一家小雜貨店打工,當時我因為白天時間很多,在店裡我也 是每天讀報紙、雜誌,幾個月下來,不但增廣見聞,還提升了英文程度。
所以,到底要如何學好英文,以下是我的建議:
1.學好文法:文法學習不應著重在背,而是理解。我是建議選一本精簡但完整的文法書,從頭到尾把它看完。有些地方可能要稍微記一下,但絕對不是整本文法書都要記。
2.記單字:即便文法都會了,沒有單字我不相信一個人能夠會英文。我建議準備一本單字本,每天把遇到的生字寫進單字本裡。記單字除了意思之外,一定要記發音,除非你以後不打算說英文、聽英文,只要閱讀而已。
3.閱讀:透過廣泛的閱讀,可以熟悉各類句型、文法。之前學過的文法關念,這時候就可以得到許多印證。另外,之前所記過的單字,只要是常用字,一定會在你閱讀的過程中重覆出現。同一個單字你看了 (查字典) 3-5 遍應該也不會忘了。
一定有人會問,我想加強的是「會話、聽力」,閱讀能有幫助嗎?答案是肯定的,其實閱讀對於「聽、說、讀、寫」都有幫助,透過大量的閱讀,你才能熟悉英文的表達方式。熟悉英語的表達方式之後,你才能聽懂外國人說話那麼快的模式,說出正確的英文句子,及寫出符合英文結構的作文。登峰美語的旋元佑老師,前台大外文研究所狀元、也是全球托福 (677 分) 世界紀錄保持人,在他的網站 中即大力推廣閱讀的重要性。前政大外文系主任陳超明博士在他的《英語即戰力》一書中也將閱讀納為「一生必學的英語策略」。
另外值得一的是「興趣」在學習英文中所扮演的角色。我經常在閱讀時,是抱著「求知」的心態在閱讀。我只閱讀我有興趣的東西,而不是什麼都讀,換句話說,我是透過英文來涉取我所想要了解的資訊,而在這個過程中,加強了英文能力。也就是說,講到最後,其實英文只是一個「工具」。我覺得各位讀者也可以朝此方向進行,先尋找自己有興趣的主題,然後再找相關英文資料來消化,這樣學習應該比較會有動力及效果。
市面上有許多學英文的方法,不知道是不是有很多人感到眼花繚亂,這裡提供我學習英文的方法及建議,希望能對您有所幫助!
PS:有關文法書的推薦,我之前使用的《英文法問&答》值得參考,但現在已經絕版,要購買的話,可以直接向學習出版社訂購。另外,上文提到的旋元佑老師,他著作的《英文魔法師之文法俱樂部》風評也相當不錯,只不過出版商也已不再出版,我之前有下戴此書的 PDF 檔,可供讀者參考。
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Thinking (思考)
a.形容詞
1.思想的; 有理性的; 好思考的
Any thinking person would not have accepted such a condition. 任何一個有思想的人都不會接受這個條件。
n.不可數名詞
1.思想, 思考
I have to do some thinking before making a decision. 我得先思考一下, 然後才好作決定。
2.意見, 想法
Imagination 想像力
n.名詞
1.想像力; 創造力
He is a man of imagination. 他是一個富有想像力的人。
2.空想; 妄想; 幻想
3.想像出來的東西, 幻想物
Of course nobody was trying to kill him. -- It was all imagination. 當然沒有人試圖殺害他--那全是幻覺。
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阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦:
(Albert Einstein,1879年3月14日—1955年4月18日),著名理論物理學家。
Quotation 語錄
★Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited, whereas imagination embraces the entire world, stimulating progress, giving birth to evolution.
想像力比知識更重要。因為知識是有限的,而想像力是無限,它包含了一切,推動著進步,是人類進化的源泉。
★Life is like riding a bicycle, To keep your balance you must keep moving.
人生就像騎單車,想保持平衡就得往前走。
Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value.
不要試圖去做一個成功的人,要努力成為一個有價值的人。
The value of a man resides in what he gives and not in what he is capable of receiving.
一個人的價值,在於他貢獻了甚麼,而不在於他能得到甚麼。
The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them.
我們不能用製造問題時的同一水平思維來解決問題。
It's not that I'm so smart, it's just that I stay with problems longer.
並不是我很聰明,而祇是我和問題相處得比較久一點。
The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has its limits.
天才和愚蠢之間的區別就是天才是有極限的。
★The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.
創新的秘密在於知道如何把你的智謀藏而不露。
The whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of everyday thinking.
科學的全部不過就是日常思考的提煉。
★Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.
科學沒有信仰是瘸子,信仰沒有科學是瞎子。
Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.
態度上的弱點會變成性格上的弱點。
★Truth is what stands the test of experience.
真理就是在經驗面前站得住腳的東西。
Peace cannot be kept by force, It can only be achieved by understanding.
武力不能維持和平,祇有互相理解才可以。
I do not know with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.
我不知道第三次世界大戰會用哪些武器,但第四次世界大戰中人們肯定用的是木棍和石塊。
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《 語錄》Quotation名詞 n.
1.引用, 引證 The quotation of very long passages should be avoided. 應該避免摘引非常長的段落。
2.引文; 語錄 From what author does this quotation come? 這一引文出自哪位作者?
3.【商】(股票等的)行情; 報價單, 估價單
★“The three great essentials to achieve anything worth while are, first, hard work; second, stick-to-itiveness; third, common sense.”
– Thomas Edison, Inventor
「為達成任何有意義的事,需要三個關鍵條件,第一是努力,第二是堅持,第三是常理判斷。」– 湯瑪斯‧愛迪生 (發明家)
•湯瑪斯‧愛迪生 (1847-1931) 是美國著名的發明家及企業家,且創立了奇異公司 (General Electric),他的門洛帕克實驗室 (Menlo Park laboratory) 被譽為世界第一個工業研究實驗室。
•stick-to-itiveness 固執,堅持不懈。例:You’ve got to have reasonable goals and the stick-to-itiveness to get there (你得要有合理的目標並堅持到達那裡。) common sense 以常理判斷的能力。例:Please use your common sense. (請用你的常識判斷。)
★“Everything comes to him who hustles while he waits.”
– Thomas Edison, Inventor
「等待時間也積極做事的人,他可以得到一切。」– 湯瑪斯‧愛迪生 (發明家)
•hustle (v.) 意志堅強、很有精力的做事。例:Although Bill is not a great player, he really hustles. (雖然比爾不是一位很傑出的球員,但他上場時很努力。)
★”If you wish to succeed , you should use persistence as your good friend , experience as your reference , prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry.”
– Thomas Edison, Inventor
「如果你希望成功,當以恆心為良友、以經驗為參謀、以謹慎為兄弟、以希望為哨兵。」— 湯瑪斯‧愛迪生 (發明家)
“A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.”
– Francis Bacon, Philosopher
「有智慧的人創造的機會比遇到的多。」– 法蘭西斯‧培根 (哲學家)
★“Histories make men wise ; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep ; moral grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend .”
– Francis Bacon, Philosopher
「歷史使人明智;詩詞使人靈秀;數學使人周密;自然哲學使人深刻;倫理使人莊重;邏輯修辭學使人善辨。」– 法蘭西斯‧培根 (哲學家)
•法蘭西斯‧培根 (1561-1626) 是英國散文作家、哲學家、科學家、政治家,曾經擔任英國檢查長及大法官;然而,他的哲學理念及科學研究方法對後世的影響更大,他被稱為是科學研究方法 (scientific method) 的創始人。
★“Life is divided into three terms – that which was, which is, and which will be. Let us learn from the past to profit by the present, and from the present to live better for the future.”
– William Wordsworth, Poet
「人生可分為三個階段 – 過去、當下和未來。由過去的經驗學習以利當下,在當下學習使未來的生活更好。」– 威廉‧華茲華斯 (詩人)
•profit by 得利,獲益。例:There are lessons in these stories that everyone can profit by. (每個人都可以從這些故事裡學到一些東西。)
★“A mind, like a home, is furnished by its owner.”
– Honor, Retarded
「心智,就像一個家,是由它的主人佈置。」–尊 (智障)
“A mind, like a home, is furnished by its owner, so if one’s life is cold and bare, he can blame none but himself.”
– Louis L’Amour, Novelist
「頭腦像是房子一樣,是由它的主人來裝潢,所以如果一個人的生活單調乏味,除了自己他不能怪別人。」– 路易斯.拉摩 (小說家)
•furnish (v.) 配備家具。例:They couldn’t afford to furnish the house. (他們無法支付配備家具的費用。) bare (adj.) 空的,無裝飾的。例:He looked at the bare room. (他看了看這空空的房間。)
★“With ordinary talent and extraordinary perseverance, all things are attainable.”
– Thomas Fowell Buxton, Social Reformer
「平凡的智力加上非凡的堅持,所有事情皆可達成。」– 湯巴斯.克斯頓 (社會改革者)
•ordinary (adj.) 平凡的,普通的。extraordinary (adj.) 非凡的,特殊的。attainable (adj.) 可達成的;attain (v.) 達成。例:She has attained the highest grade in the class. (她在這門課獲得最高的成績等級。)
“The roughest road often leads to the top.”
– Christina Aguilera, Singer
「最艱難的道路經常通往最高處。」– 克莉絲汀‧阿奎萊拉 (歌手)
•rough (adj.) 艱難的,不順的。例:The first year is rough, but you’ll get used to it. (第一年都不順,但你之後會習慣。)
★“Circumstances are the rulers of the weak; they are but the instruments of the wise.”
– Samuel Lover, Writer
「環境控制弱者,但它卻是智者的工具。」– 山姆‧勒夫爾 (作家)
•instrument (n.) 工具,方法。例:earthquake-detecting instruments (感應地震的工具)。
“Chance favors the prepared mind.”
– Louis Pasteur, Microbiologist
「機會眷顧準備好的人。」– 路易斯‧巴斯德 (微生物學家)
•favor (v.) 眷顧,傾賴。mind (n.) (在某個領域) 聰明的人。例:This is a subject that has interested military minds. (這個議題讓軍事專家感到興趣。)
★“Storms make oaks take deeper root.”
– George Herbert, Priest
「暴風雨使橡樹的根長得更深。」– 喬治‧赫伯特 (牧師)
•storm (n.) 暴風雨,暴風雪。oak (n.) 橡樹。
★“I like criticism. It makes you strong.”
– LeBron James, NBA Player
「我喜歡別人的批評,它使你強壯。」– 雷蒙‧詹姆士 (NBA 球員)
•criticism (v.) 批評,指責。例:Please give me constructive criticism. (請給我有建設性的批評。)
“The future you see is the future you get.”
– Robert Allen, Personal Finance Author
「你看到的未來將是你的未來。」– 羅伯特‧艾倫 (理財作家)
•羅伯特‧艾倫 (1948- ) 因早年求職碰壁,而勵志向有錢人學習致富之道,他在房地產投資成功後成為知名理財作家並開班授課,著有《零頭期款》、《創造財富》、《多重收入管道》、《一分鐘百萬富翁:啟發式的致富之路》等書。
“The path of least resistance is the path of the loser.”
– H. G. Wells, Science Fiction Writer
「最沒阻力的道路,正是失敗者走的道路。」– 赫伯特‧喬治‧威爾斯 (科幻小說家)
•resistance (n.) 阻力,抵抗。例:The rebels have put up strong resistance. (反抗軍發動頑強的抵抗)
“You may be disappointed if you fail, but you are doomed if you don’t try.”
– Beverly Sills, Soprano
「失敗了你可能會失望,但不嘗試你將注定敗亡。」– 貝佛利‧席爾絲 (女高音)
•doom (v.) 注定 (失敗、死亡、毀滅等)。例:Their marriage seems doomed to failure. (他們的婚姻似乎注定要失敗。)
★“There are no regrets in life, just lessons.”
– Jennifer Aniston, Actress
「人生中沒有後悔,只有教訓。」– 珍妮佛‧安妮斯頓 (演員)
“Our bravest and best lessons are not learned through success, but through misadventure.”
– Amos Bronson Alcot, Educator
「我們最好的教訓不是透過成功而學到,而是透過不幸的遭遇。」– 愛默斯‧布朗森‧愛爾考特 (教育家)
•brave (adj.) 勇敢的,非常好的。例:the brave efforts of the medical staff to save her life (醫療人員為挽救她生命而表現出色)。misadventure (n.) 不幸的遭遇。例:death by misadventure (因意外而造成的死亡)。
“If you want the best the world has to offer, offer the world your best.”
– Neale Donald Walsch, Writer
「你若想得到這世界最好東西,先提供這世界最好的你。」– 尼爾‧唐納‧沃許 (作家)
“Failure is simply an opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.”
– Henry Ford, Industrialist
「失敗只是重新來過的機會,但這次更有智慧。」– 亨利‧福特 (工業家)
“Most people spend their time on the ‘urgent’ rather than on the ‘important.”
– Robert Hutchins, Educational Philosopher
「多數人將時間花在『急迫』而非『重要』的事情上。」– 羅伯特‧哈欽斯 (教育哲學家)
•urgent (adj.) 緊急的,急迫的。例:The refugees are in urgent need of food and water. (這些難民極需食物與水。)
★“In life, as in whist, hope nothing from the way cards may be dealt to you. Play the cards, whatever they be, to the best of your skill.”
– Edward Bulwer-Lytton, Novelist
「人生如同牌戲,別希望可以拿到什麼樣的牌。不管拿到什麼牌,用盡你的技巧來打好牌。」– 布爾沃.李頓 (小說家)
•whist (n.) (類似橋牌的) 惠斯特牌戲。deal (v.) 發牌。例:It’s Bill’s turn to deal. (輪到比爾發牌了。) to the best of one’s ability 盡一個人的能力。例:Please do the work to the best of your ability. (請盡你的能力來做這個工作。)
“Change is not merely necessary to life – it is life.”
– Alvin Toffler, Futurist
「改變不僅在人生不可或缺,改變就是人生。」– 艾爾文‧托夫勒 (趨勢作家)
•merely (adv.) 只是,僅僅。例:She is merely a child. (她只是個孩子。)
“There is only one corner of the universe you can be certain of improving, and that’s your own self.”
– Aldous Huxley, Writer
「這個世界只有一個地方你確定可以改進,那就是你自己。」– 阿道斯‧赫胥黎 (作家)
•corner (n.) (遙遠的) 地區。例:I’ve gone off to work in some remote corners of the world. (我曾到世界遙遠的地方工作。) certain (adj.) 確定的。例:She felt certain that she had passed the test. (她覺得她肯定通過了考試。)
★“Change, like sunshine, can be a friend or a foe, a blessing or a curse, a dawn or a dusk.”
– William Arthur Ward, Scholar
「改變如同陽光,它可以是朋友或敵人,是祝福或是禍根,是黎明或是黃昏。」– 威廉‧亞瑟‧沃德 (學者)
解讀:面對改變,處理得宜可成「祝福」,處理不當則成「禍根」。
•curse (n.) 禍因,禍根。例:Selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race. (自私是人類最大的禍根。)
“He who believes is strong; he who doubts is weak. Strong convictions precede great actions.”
– Louisa May Alcott, Novelist
「相信使人堅強,懷疑使人軟弱,先有堅強的信念才有偉大的行為。」– 露意莎‧梅‧奧爾柯特 (小說家)
•conviction (n.) 信念,確信。例:She has a deep conviction that marriage is for life. (她深信婚姻是一輩子的。) precede (v.) 在… 之前。例:a special type of cloud that precedes tornadoes (龍捲風來臨前出現的特別雲狀)。
“There is a basic law that like attracts like. Negative thinking definitely attracts negative results. Conversely, if a person habitually thinks optimistically and hopefully, his positive thinking sets in motion creative forces. And success, instead of eluding him, flows toward him.”
– Norman Vincent Peale, Minister
「類似的東西互相吸引是一基本法則,負面思考必定吸引負面結果,相反的,如果一個人習慣樂觀並充滿希望地思考,他正面的思維將啟動創造性力量,成功將朝他移動,而不是躲避他。」– 諾曼‧文森特‧皮爾 (牧師)
•conversely (v.) 相反地。例:British consumers like white eggs; conversely, American buyers prefer brown eggs. (英國消費者喜歡白蛋;相反的,美國買者較喜歡黃蛋。) set in motion 啟動一過程/程序。例:The Church set in motion the process allowing women to be priests. (教堂啟動准許女性神父的程序。) elude (adv.) 閃避,閃躲。例:The gold medal eluded her once more. (金牌又再一次離開她。)。
★“Know the true value of time. Snatch it, seize it, enjoy every minute of it. No idleness, no laziness, no procrastination – never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.”
– Philip Stanhope, Statesman
「了解時間的真正價值,搶走它、抓住它、享受每一分鐘。不要閒散、不要懶惰、不要托延 – 絕不把今天能做的事留到明天。」– 菲利普‧斯坦霍普 (政治家)
•snatch (v.) 奪走,搶走。例:The robber snatched the lady’s purse and ran. (強盜搶走那女士的皮包然後跑走。) seize (v.) 突然抓住。例:He suddenly seized her hand. (他突然抓住她的手。) idleness (n.) 空閒,閒散;idle (adj.)。例:The workers in the plant have been idle for the last two months. (工廠裡的員工已經 2 個月沒事做了。) procrastination (n.) 托延,耽擱。
Sometimes we stare so long at a door that is closing that we see too late the one that is open.”
– Alexander Graham Bell, Inventor
「我們有時候專注於消失中的機會太久,以致於太晚發現開啟的機會。」– 亞歷山大‧貝爾 (發明家)
•“stare” 原本是「瞪」的意思,如:Don’t stare at me. (不要瞪著我看。)這句話有引喻的意思;我把 “door” 翻成「機會」,這句話的意思應該是在告訴我們:不要只看到你沒有的,也要注意一下你現在有的機會。
★“It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.”
– Charles Darwin, Naturalist
「生存下來的物種不是最強壯,也非最聰明的,而是最能夠適應改變。」– 查爾斯‧達爾文 (生物學家)
•species (n.) 物種。例:The giant panda is an endangered species. (熊貓是瀕臨滅絕的動物。) responsive (adj.) 能快速回應、反應的。例:We try to be very responsive to the needs of our customers. (我們試圖快速回應顧客的需求。)
★“The upside of painful knowledge is so much greater than the downside of blissful ignorance.”
– Sheryl Sandberg, Chief Operating Officer of Facebook
「痛而知道的益處,遠大於樂而無知的害處。」– 雪莉‧桑德伯格 (臉書營運長)
•upside (n.) 正面,好處。例:The upside of the whole thing was that we got a free vacation. (整件事的好處是我們得到一個免費假期。) downside (n.) 反面,負面。knowledge (n.) 知道,了解。例:I had no knowledge of the crime until it was reported in the news. (直到新聞出來我才知道這個犯罪案。) blissful (adj.) 幸福的,樂而忘憂的;bliss (n.)。例:a blissful childhood (快樂的童年)。ignorance (n.) 愚昧,無知。
“Fortune does favor the bold and you’ll never know what you’re capable of if you don’t try.”
– Sheryl Sandberg, Chief Operating Officer of Facebook
「運氣的確是眷顧有勇氣的人,你如果不嘗試,你永遠不知道你能完成什麼。」– 雪莉‧桑德伯格 (臉書營運長)
•does 是用來加強語氣。fortune (n.) 命運,運氣。例:I had the good fortune to have a smart business partner. (我運氣很好,有一個聰明的商業夥伴。) favor (v.) 眷顧,偏愛。例:a tax system that favors rich people (偏袒富人的稅制)。
★“No problem can be solved until it is reduced to some simple form. The changing of a vague difficulty into a specific, concrete form is a very essential element in thinking.”
– J.P. Morgan, Banker
「沒有問題在簡化前可以得到解決,把不明確的困難轉化為特定、具體的形式,是思考過程中一個非常重要的元素。」– 約翰‧皮爾龐特‧摩根 (銀行家)
•reduce (v.) 簡化,轉化。例:Most lessons can be reduced to a few simple points. (多數課程內容可簡化為幾個簡單的綱要。) vague (adj.) 不明確的,不清楚的。例:The government announced only a vague outline of its tax reform. (政府只公佈一個模糊的稅改計畫。) concrete (adj.) 實質的,具體的。essential (adj.) 重要的,必要的。
★“Remember always that the recollection of quality remains long after the price is forgotten. Then your business will prosper by a natural process.”
– Harry Gordon Selfridge, Retail Magnet
「永遠記住,在價格被遺忘後,品質仍會留在人們心中很長一段時間,如此你的生意將自然興隆。」– 哈利‧塞爾福里 (零售業富賈)
•recollection (n.) 記憶,回憶。例:My earliest recollections are of my brother rocking my crib. (我最早的回憶是我哥搖動我的嬰兒床。) prosper (v.) 成功,昌盛。
★“Being superficially different is the goal of so many of the products we see . . . rather than trying to innovate and genuinely taking the time, investing the resources and caring enough to try and make something better.”
– Jonathan Ive, Product Designer
「許多產品的目標只是在外表上形成差異… 而不是真正花時間去努力創新、投入資源,並用心創造更好的東西。」– 強納生‧伊夫 (設計師)
•superficially (adv.) 外表地,膚淺地。例:He was superficially interested. (他表面上看來有興趣。) genuinely (adv.) 真正地,由衷地。例:She seemed genuinely interested. (她看來真的很有興趣。)
★“The thorough man of business knows that only by years of patient, unremitting attention to affairs can he earn his reward, which is the result, not of chance, but of well-devised means for the attainment to ends.”
– Andrew Carnegie, Industrialist
「周密的商人知道,只有對事務持久及不間斷的關注,他才能獲得回饋。這不是運氣,而是為達目的使用精心設計方法的結果。」– 安德魯‧卡內基 (工業家)
•thorough (adj.) 周密的; 仔細的。例:The doctor was very thorough in his examination of his patients. (這位醫生對病患的檢查很仔細。) unremitting (adj.) 不間斷的,不懈的。例:unremitting effort (不間斷的努力)。devise (v.) 設計,想出。例:He devised a new method for faster communication. (他設計出一個更快速溝通的方法。) attainment (n.) 到達,獲得。end (n.) 目標,結果。例:She wants to cut costs, and to that end is laying off people. (她想減低成本,而她為此目的而裁員。)
★“My passion has been to build an enduring company where people were motivated to make great products. Everything else is secondary. Sure, it was great to make a profit, because that was what allowed you to make great products. But the products, not the profits, were the motivation. It’s a subtle difference, but it ends up meaning everything. The people you hire, who gets promoted, what you discuss in meetings.”
– Steve Jobs, Entrepreneur
「創立人們想在那製做一流產品的公司,一直是我的熱忱,其它的東西都是次要的。很肯定的,公司賺錢是很好的事,因為它讓你可以製造一流產品。然而是產品,不是利潤,才是真正的動機。這個微妙的差異,造就了所有的不同,包括你雇用的人、升遷的人,及你在會議中討論的事。」– 史蒂夫‧賈伯斯 (企業家)
•enduring (adj.) 持久的,永恆的。例:enduring memories of the time I spent with her (與她在一起的永恆記憶。) motivate (v.) 鼓舞,激發。例:He is motivated to excel academically. (他真的想在學業表現出類拔粹。) motivation (n.) 動機。例:Escape could be his motivation for going abroad. (逃跑可能是他出國的動機。) subtle (adj.) 微妙的,隱約的。例:I felt a subtle change in her attitude. (我感到她在態度上的微妙變化。)
“Business is always a struggle. There are always obstacles and competitors. There is never an open road, except the wide road that leads to failure. Every great success has always been achieved by fight. Every winner has scars…. The men who succeed are the efficient few. They are the few who have the ambition and willpower to develop themselves.”
– Herbert N. Casson, Author
「商場永遠都是在爭扎,永遠會有障礙及競爭者。那裡從來沒有一條康莊大道,僅有通往失敗的大路。每一個偉大的成功都是透過戰鬥達成,每一位贏家都有傷疤… 成功者是那些少數有效率的人,他們是少數有抱負及有志發展自我的人。」– 赫伯特‧卡森 (作家)
•efficient (adj.) 有效率的。ambition (n.) 野心,抱負。willpower (n.) 意志力,自制力。例:He doesn’t have the willpower to quit smoking. (他沒有戒菸的意志力。)
“A big corporation is more or less blamed for being big; it is only big because it gives service. If it doesn’t give service, it gets small faster than it grew big.”
– William S. Knudsen, Executive
「一個大企業常因規模大而被責難;但它是因為提供了服務才變大。如果不提供服務,它變小的速度會超過變大的速度。」– 威廉‧努森 (總裁)
•more or less 或多或少。例:They were more or less in agreement. (他們或多或少達成了協議。) blame (v.) 責怪,怪罪。例:I don’t blame her for leaving me. (我不會怪她離開我。)
“No enterprise can exist for itself alone. It ministers to some great need, it performs some great service, not for itself, but for others; or failing therein, it ceases to be profitable and ceases to exist.”
– Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the U.S.
「沒有企業可以只為自己生存,它為眾多需求提供協助。它提供許多的服務,不是為自己,而是為別人;若沒有如此,它將不再獲利且不復存在。」– 卡爾文‧柯立芝 (美國第 30 任總統)
•exist (v.) 存在,生存。minister to (v.) 提供協助。例:Lisa spent much time ministering to the sick. (麗莎花很多時間協助生病的人。) therein (adv.) 在那裡。例:a haunted house and the ghosts therein. (鬼屋及在裡面的鬼)。cease (v.) 停止,終止。
★“The way to make a true friend is to be one. Friendship implies loyalty, esteem, cordiality, sympathy, affection, readiness to aid, to help, to stick, to fight for, if need be. The real friend is he or she who can share all our sorrows and double our joys. Radiate friendship and it will return sevenfold.”
– B.C. Forbes, Founder of Forbes Magazine
「交到真正朋友的方法是自己先成為真正的朋友。友誼意謂忠誠、尊重、禮貌、同情、關愛;準備好協助、幫忙、支持、在有必要時為其奮鬥。真正的朋友可以分擔我們難過,並加倍我們喜樂。表現你的友誼,你將得到七倍友誼的回饋。」– 富比士 (雜誌創辦人)
•imply (v.) 暗指。stick (v.) 堅持,固守。例:I love this organization and whatever happens I’ll stick by it. (我很喜愛這個組織,不管發生什麼事,我都將堅守在這裡。) sorrow (n.) 難過,痛苦。radiate (v.) 散發。例:She radiates great confidence. (她散發出極強的自信心。)
“Men acquire a particular quality by constantly acting a particular way. you become just by performing just actions, temperate by performing temperate actions, brave by performing brave actions.”
– Aristotle, Philosopher
「藉由反覆某特定行為,人們可獲得某人格特質。從事公平的行為,你將成為公平的人;從事溫和的行為,你將成為溫和的人;從事勇敢的行為,你將成為勇敢的人。」– 亞里斯多德 (哲學家)
•acquire (v.) 獲得,取得。constantly (adv.) 時常,經常。temperate (adj.) 溫和的,適度的,不極端的。例:He is a temperate man. (他是一個溫和的人。)
“The biggest tragedy in America is not the great waste of natural resources – though this is tragic; the biggest tragedy is the waste of human resources because the average person goes to his grave with his music still in him.”
– Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., Physician
「美國最大的悲劇不是天然資源的浪費 – 儘管那也很悲哀,最大的悲劇是人力資源的浪費,因為一般人死去時潛力還未完全發揮。」– 奧利佛‧溫德爾‧霍姆斯 (醫生)
•tragedy (n.) 災難,悲劇。tragic (adj.) 災難的,悲劇的。grave (n.) 墳墓。music 在這裡指潛力。
“If I have seen farther than others, it is because I was standing on the shoulder of giants.”
– Isaac Newton, Scientist
「如果我看得比其他人遠,那是因為我站在巨人的肩膀上。」– 牛頓 (科學家)
•解讀:”Standing on the shoulders of giants” 意謂「後人的發現 / 學識是建築在前人的發現 / 學識上。」
★“Doing an Injury puts you below your enemy; Revenging one makes you but even with him; Forgiving it sets you above him.”
– Benjamin Franklin, Statesman
「傷害對方讓你處於敵人之下,報復對方只讓你與敵人齊平,原諒對方則讓你處於敵人之上。」– 班傑明‧富蘭克林 (政治家)
•injury (n.) 傷害,損害。revenge (v.) 報復。第二句的 one 及第三句的 it 都當代名詞用,指前面提到的 “Injury”。
★“I will destroy my enemies by converting them to friends.”
– Moses Maimonides, Jewish Philosopher
「我將藉由把敵人變為朋友來消滅我的敵人。」– 摩西.邁蒙尼德 (猶太哲學家)
•convert (v.) 轉換,轉變。例:We converted the garage into an office. (我們將車庫改裝成一辦公室。)
“You may never know what results come of your action, but if you do nothing there will be no result.”
– Mahatma Gandhi, Statesman
「你可能永遠不知道你的行為能帶來什麼結果,但沒有行動就不會有結果。」– 甘地 (政治家)
★“Action without vision is only passing time, vision without action is merely day dreaming, but vision with action can change the world.”
– Nelson Mandela, Former President of South Africa
「有行動沒願景只是消磨時間,有願景沒行動只是做白日夢,但願景與行動俱在可以改變世界。」– 納爾遜‧曼德拉 (前南非總統)
•vision (n.) 願景。merely (adv.) 只是。例:She is merely a child. (她只是個孩子。)
“Criticizing and objecting to everything means an attempt to destruction. If you do not like something, try to make something better than it. Being destructive causes ruins, while being constructive brings about prosperity.”
– Fethullah Gülen, Religious Leader
「批評與反對一切代表一個破壞的意圖,如果你不喜歡一件事,創造一個比它更好的東西。破壞性行為帶來毀滅,建設性行為則帶來昌盛。」– 土拉.葛蘭 (宗教領袖)
•destruction (n.) 摧毀,毀滅。例:the destruction of the rain forest (熱帶雨林的破壞)。destructive (adj.) 毀滅性的,破壞性的。constructive (adj.) 有建設性的,有助益的。ruin (n.) 廢墟,毀壞。例:the ruins of a bombed-out apartment (被轟炸後的公寓廢墟)。prosperity (n.) 興盛,昌盛。例:a period of economic prosperity (一段經濟繁盛期)。
★“If you don’t like something, change it. If you can’t change it, change your attitude. Don’t complain.”
– Maya Angelou, Poet
「如果你不喜歡某件事,去改變它。如果你不能改變它,改變你的態度。不要抱怨。」– 馬雅‧安哲羅,詩人
•“attitude”是「態度」。”complain”是「抱怨」,為動詞。
★“The future has several names. For the weak, it is the impossible. For the fainthearted, it is the unknown. For the thoughtful and valiant, it is the ideal.”
– Victor Hugo, Writer
「未來有幾個名字;最軟弱的人來說,未來叫做不可能;對游離不定的人來說,未來叫做未知;對於深思熟慮且有勇氣的人來說,未來叫做理想。」– 雨果 (作家)
•“fainthearted” 實際上是由 “faint” 及 “heart” 兩個字組成,”faint” 是「微弱、不積極」,”heart” 是「心」,後面加 “ed”,才會變為形容詞。”weak”、”fainthearted”、”thoughtful and valiant” 都是形容詞,前面加上 “the”,意思就分別變為「軟弱的人」、「游離不定的人」、及「深思熟慮且有勇氣的人」。另外, “impossible”、”unknown”、”ideal” 這三個字也都是形容詞,前面加 “the” 之後,就變成「不可能的事」、「不知道的事」、及「理想的事」。整句翻譯時中文會做調整,好讓句子更通順。
“Character is built daily by the way one thinks and acts – thought by thought, action by action.”
– Helen Douglas, Legislator
「你每天的思考及行為將會決定你的性格 – 經由你一個個的思想,你一個個的行為。」– 海倫.道格拉斯 (國會議員)
•“character is built daily” 是文法中的被動式,也就是「性格每天被雕塑」。(“built” 本身是「建造」的意思)
•“by the way one thinks and acts” 就是「藉由一個人的思考及行為模式」。”way” 這裡是「方法、方式」,”one” 是指「一個人」。
•“thought by thought” 及 “action by action” 裡面的 “by” 意思在指逐漸發生,而不是馬上發生。舉例來說:”day by day” 就是「一天天」,”minute by minute” 就是「一分一分」,”He is losing his memory bit by bit” 就是「他逐漸一點一滴的失去記憶。」這裡的 “thought by thought” 及 “action by action” 用法比較特別,在暗指你「一個個的思想」及「一個個的行為」將逐漸陶冶你的性格。
★“Being smart is an elusive concept. There’s a certain sharpness, an ability to absorb new facts, to ask an insightful question or relate to domains that may not seem connected at first.”
– Bill Gates, Microsoft co-founder
「聰明是一個不容易解釋的概念。這是某種程度的靈敏,是一種吸取新事證,問具有洞察力的問題,或連接一些原本看似沒有關聯性事情的能力。」– 比爾‧蓋茲 (微軟創辦者)
•第一句話的主詞是 “being smart”。第二句比較長,”sharpness” 是名詞,這裡是指「頭腦的靈敏」,它的字根是 “sharp”,為形容詞。”insightful” 是「有深刻瞭解的,有洞察力的」,它的字根是 “insight”,為名詞。”relate to” 是「連結」的意思,”domain” 是「領域」的意思。“at first” 是「一開始」。
“All achievements, all earned riches, have their beginning in an idea.”
– Napolean Hill, Motivational writer
「所有的成就,所有賺得的財富,起初都是由一個想法開始。」– 拿破崙‧希爾 (勵志作家)
•“achievement” 是「成就、功績」。”earned” 是 “earn” 的過去分詞,這裡當形容詞用,修飾後面的名詞 “riches”「財富、財產」。
★“Be more concerned with your character than your reputation, because your character is what you really are, while your reputation is merely what others think you are.”
– John Wooden, Basketball coach
「 比起你的名譽你應該更在乎你的品格,因為你的品格才是真正的你,而你的名譽只是別人眼中的你。」– 約翰.伍登 (籃球教練)
•“be concerned with…” 就是「在乎…」的意思。”character” 是「品格、性格」,”reputation” 是「名譽、聲譽」。”what you really are” 是個名詞子句,意思是「真正的你」。”while” 這個字的意思是「同時、而」,”merely” 是「只是」的意思,跟 “only” 很類似。
“We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence therefore is not an act, but a habit.”
– Aristotle, Philosopher
「我們重覆的行為造就了我們,卓越因此不是一個行為,而是一個習慣。」– 亞里斯多德 (哲學家)
•Be 動詞就是「等於」的意思,而第一句的動詞 “are” 我們就可以 “=” 來解釋。”what we repeatedly do” 是個名詞子句。”repeatedly” 「重覆地」是副詞,修飾動詞 “do”,它的字根是 “repeat”,為動詞,”repeated” 則是形容詞 (過去分詞)。
“The key to successful leadership today is influence, not authority.”
– Kenneth Blanchard, Writer
「今日成功領導的關鍵是影響力,而非權力。」– 肯‧布蘭查 (作家)
• ”today” 這裡指的是「今日、現今」,”influence” 是「影響」,”authority” 是「權力、權威」。有同樣字根的 “authorize” 和 “authorization” 皆是「授權、批淮」的意思,但前者為動詞,後者為名詞。
“Men are anxious to improve their circumstances, but are unwilling to improve themselves; they therefore remain bound.”
– James Allen, author
「人們渇望改善他們的週遭環境,但是卻不願意改善自己,他們因此停留在原地。」– 詹姆士‧艾倫 (作家)
•“anxious” 是「焦慮、急切」,為形容詞。”circumstance” 是「情況、環境」。”remain bound” 中的 “remain” 是「維持」,”bound” 則是「受阻、被綁住」的意思,為形容詞。
“I learned that good judgment comes from experience and that experience grows out of mistakes.”
– Omar Bradley, General
「我學到好的判斷源自於經驗,而經驗源自於錯誤。」– 奧馬爾‧布拉德利 (將軍)
•“come from…”「源自於…」及 “grow out of…”「產生於…」都是常見用法。如:His book grew out of a trip to South America as a member of a government commission.「他的書源自於他以政府委員身分到南美的旅行。」
★“Only by coming to grips with difficulty can you realize yor full potential.”
– Charles de Gaulle, Statesman
「唯有透過了解及處理困難你才能夠發現自己的最大潛能。」– 夏爾‧戴高樂 (政治家)
•“come to grips with…” 是一個片語,意思為「開始了解及處理某個難題」。”realize” 這裡是「了解、發現」的意思。
“Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Accordingly a genius is often merely a talented person who has done all of his or her homework.”
– Thomas Edison, Inventor
「天才是 1% 靈感及 99% 汗水。因此,天才通常只是一個做完所有功課的聰明人。」– 湯瑪斯‧愛迪生 (發明家)
•“genius” 是「天才」,”inspiration” 是「靈感」,”perspiration” 是「流汗」,”merely” 是「只是」,”talented” 是「聰明的、有天賦的」,字根為 “talent”「才華、天賦」。
★“Wealth depends chiefly on two words, industry and frugality; that is, waste neither time nor money, but make the best use of both.”
– Benjamin Franklin, Statesman
「財富主要取決於兩個字,努力及節儉;也就是,不浪費時間與金錢,但對於兩者善盡其用。」– 班傑明‧富蘭克林 (政治家)
•“industry” 這裡是「努力」的意思,”frugality” 是「節儉」,”frugal” 則是形容詞。片語 “make the best use of” 是「善盡其用;充分利用」。
•班傑明‧富蘭克林 (1706-1790) 是美國開國元勳之一;也是著名的科學家,他發現了電的理論;也是外交家,擔任美國第一任駐法國大使,在英國代表殖民地發言,他的思想對美國文化有深遠的影響,被譽為 “The First American” (第一位美國人)。
“There’s no great mystery to satisfying your customers. Build them a quality product and treat them with respect. It’s that simple.”
– Lee Iacocca, Executive
「滿足你的顧客沒有什麼偉大的奧祕,為他們創造一個高品質產品並且尊重他們,就是那麼容易。」– 李‧艾柯卡 (總裁)
• ”quality product” 是「高品質產品」, “treat… with respect” 是「尊重 (某人)」的意思。
•李‧艾柯卡 (1924- ) 是前美國克萊斯勒汽車 (Chrysler) 的執行長兼董事,後來成為主席,在 1980 年代帶領即將倒閉的克萊斯勒汽車轉虧為盈而聞名,是著名的商界能手,著有 Where Have All the Leaders Gone? (領導人都到哪裡去了?) 一書。
“The greatest test of courage is to bear defeat without losing heart.”
– Robert Ingersoll, Orator
「勇氣的最大考驗是承受失敗卻不失去信心。」– 羅伯特‧英格索 (演說家)
•“bear” 是「忍受、承擔」,”lose heart” 是「失去信心;灰心」的意思。
★“Success is getting what you want; happiness is wanting what you get.”
– Dave Gardner, Comedian
「成功是得到你所想要的;快樂是想要你所得到的。」– 戴夫‧加德納 (喜劇演員)
★“Anyone who stops learning is old, whether at twenty or eighty. Anyone who keeps learning stays young. The greatest thing in life is to keep your mind young.”
– Henry Ford, Industrialist
「任何停止學習的人都是老人,不管是二十歲或八十歲。任何持續學習的人都可以保持年青。生命裡最美好的事就是讓你的心智保持年青。」– 亨利‧福特 (工業家)
•“mind” 是「心智」。
“Learn to see in another’s calamity the ills that you should avoid.”
– Thomas Jefferson, Third U.S. president
「學習從別人的災難中看到你該避免的弊端。」– 湯瑪斯‧傑佛遜 (美國第三任總統)
•“calamity” 是「災難;災禍」,”ill” 在這裡當名詞用,是「問題;弊端」的意思。這句話動詞 “see” 的受詞是後面的 “the ills that…”。
•湯瑪斯‧傑佛遜 (1743-1826) 是美國第三任總統,也是美國獨立宣言 (Declaration of Independence) 的主要起草人,是美國開國元勳中最具影響力者之一。湯瑪斯‧傑佛遜博學多聞,是園藝家、政治家、建築師、考古學家、古生物學家、音樂家、發明家…等。
★“Anger is a wind which blows out the lamp of the mind.”
– Robert Ingersoll, Orator
「生氣是吹滅心靈之燈的風。」– 羅伯特‧英格索 (演說家)
•“blow out” 是「吹滅;吹熄」。”the lamp of the mind”「心靈/心智之燈」是比喻用詞。
★“The road to success is always under construction.”
– Lily Tomlin, Actress
「通往成功的道路永遠都在興建中。」– 莉莉‧湯姆林 (女演員)
•“under construction” 是「興建中;施工中」。 這句話的意思是「成功沒有盡頭」,我們一直都要進步。
★“The most important thing in communication is to hear what isn’t being said.”
– Peter F. Drucker, Management Expert
「溝通最重要的地方是去傾聽沒有說出的部分。」– 彼得‧杜拉克 (管理學專家)
「在溝通中最重要的是傾聽是不是這樣說。」
•“what isn’t being said”「沒有說出的部分」是名詞片語當 “hear”「聽」的受詞。
•彼得‧杜拉克 (1909-2005) 是美國著名的管理學作家及顧問,他影響及創造了許多管理學理論,包括:decentralization (權力下放)、privatization (民營化)、empowerment (授予權力) 等,”knowledge worker” (知識工作者) 一詞也是由他所創。
“Time flies. It’s up to you to be the navigator.”
– Robert Orben, Magician
「時光飛逝,但由你決定如何控制它。」– 羅伯特‧奧爾本 (魔術師)
•“it’s up to you” 是「由你決定」,這裡後面接不定詞,代表所決定的事情。”navigator” 是「導航員」。
★“Time management’ is really a misnomer – the challenge is not to manage time, but to manage ourselves.”
– Stephen Covey, Author
「”時間管理” 其實是一個誤稱 — 我們的挑戰不是管理時間,而是管理我們自己。」– 史蒂芬‧柯維 (作家)
•“misnomer” 是「誤稱;用詞不當」,為名詞。
•史蒂芬‧柯維 (1932- ) 擁有美國哈佛大學 MBA 學位,是暢銷書 The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (與成功有約) 的作者,在全世界翻成 38 種語言,已售出超過 1500 萬冊。
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